Web reputation research in the age of online data restriction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61007/QdC.2024.1.256Keywords:
reputation, ricerca, datiAbstract
The importance of online reputation and content influence in today's digital landscape is as much a central issue for democracy as for the economic investments it generates. Although these investments are data-driven, there is a critical issue concerning the metrics used to measure the impact of content.
After the Cambridge Analytica scandal, there was a discussion around the importance of publicity and data transparency to sustain the platforms' own credibility. This led Meta to make public profile data accessible via the free CrowdTangle platform, which is aimed at the market, but free for academics.
Twitter, which has historically been the most transparent platform in this respect, recently closed its APIs, making them available at extremely high prices.
The context is also changing fast, as competition for access to data has become a key component in the development and training of artificial intelligences, as the quality and quantity of available data (perhaps through partnerships and commercial agreements) can make a difference in the ability to train models. This could lead to a progressive closure of data, also in terms of explorability of published content by outsiders.
References
Allen, N., Burk D. L., Davis G. B. (2006), «Academic data collection in electronic environments: Defining acceptable use of internet resources», MIS Quarterly, 599–610.
Altheide, D. L. (1997), «The News Media, the Problem Frame, and the Production of Fear». The Sociological Quarterly 38(4), 647–68.
Altheide, D. L. (2000), «Identity and the Definition of the Situation in a Mass-Mediated Context», Symbolic Interaction, 23 (1), 1–27.
Amaturo E. e Aragona B. (2019), «Per un’epistemologia del digitale: note sull’uso di big data e computazione nella ricerca sociale», Quaderni di Sociologia 81(63): 71–90.
Bakardjieva, M., Gaden G. (2012), «Web 2.0 Technologies of the Self», Philosophy & Technology, 25(3), 399–413.
Bellah, R. N. (1986), «The Meaning of Reputation in American Society», California Law Review, 74:743.
Boccia Artieri, G. (2012), Stati di connessione, Milano, FrancoAngeli. Boccia Artieri, G, Brilli S., Zurovac E. (2021), «Below the Radar: Private Groups, Locked Platforms, and Ephemeral Content— Introduction to the Special Issue», Social Media + Society, 7(1). DOI: 10.1177/2056305121988930.
Boyd, d. (2010), «Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications», in A Networked Self, a c. di Z. Papacharissi, London, Routledge, 47-66.
Boyd, d. (2014), It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press.
Calma, J. (2023). «Twitter Just Closed the Book on Academic Research», The Verge, 31 maggio (https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/31/23739084/twitter-elon-musk-api-policy-chilling-academic-research).
Cavazza, N. (2012), Pettegolezzi e reputazione, Bologna, Mulino.
Fine G. A. (1996), «Reputational Entrepreneurs and the Memory of Incompetence: Melting Supporters, Partisan Warriors, and Images of President Harding». American Journal of Sociology 101(5): 1159– 93.
Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the Self, Amherst, Univ. of Massachusetts Press.
Giardini, F., Squazzoni F. (2022), «Social Spaces and Field Boundaries in Reputation Formation: An Introduction», Sociologica,16(2), 1–10.
Gillespie, T. (2010), «The politics of ‘platforms’», New Media & Society, 12(3), 347–64.
Goffman, E. (1959), The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York, Doubleday.
Goffman E. (1974), Frame Analysis, New York, Harper & Row.
Han, B.-C. (2012), Transparenzgesellschaft, Berlin, Matthes & Seitz; tr. it.: La società della trasparenza, Milano, Nottetempo, 2014.
Han, B.-C. (2014), Psychopolitik, Frankfurt am Main, S. Fischer Verlag; tr. it.: Psicopolitica, Milano, Nottetempo, 2016.
Leone, M. (2013). «Semiotica della reputazione». in As interações sensíveis: Ensaios de sóciossemiótica a partir da obra de Eric Landowski, a c. di A. C. de Oliveira. São Paulo, Estação das Letras and Editora CPS, 285–308.
Luhmann, N. (2000), Vertrauen: Ein Mechanismus der Reduktion sozialer Komplexität, Stuttgart, UTB; tr. it.: La fiducia, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2002.
Marrone, G. (2007), Il discorso di marca, Roma, Laterza.
Mutti, A. (2007), «Reputazione», Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia (4), 601–22.
Pizzorno, A. (2006), «Capitale sociale, reputazione, visibilità», Sociologia del lavoro (104), 1000–1024.
Rainie, H, Rainie, L., Wellman, B. (2012), Networked: The New Social Operating System, Boston, MIT Press.
Rogers, R. (2009), The End of the Virtual: Digital Methods, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Univ. Press.
Rogers, R. (2013), Digital Methods, Boston, The MIT Press.
Trezza D. (2023), «To Scrape or Not to Scrape, This Is Dilemma. The Post-API Scenario and Implications on Digital Research», Frontiers in Sociology 8. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1145038.
Van Dijck, J. (2013). «‘You Have One Identity’: Performing the Self on Facebook and LinkedIn», Media, Culture & Society, 35(2), 199– 215.
Vardanega, A. (2023). «Contenuto senza contenitori. Lo studio dei contenuti online», in Essere digitali. Le scienze della politica allo studio dell’ultima rivoluzione, a c. di S. Busetti, A. Noto e R. Romani, Teramo, Ricerche&Redazioni, 397–405.
Venturini, T., Rogers R. (2019), «“API-Based Research” or How can Digital Sociology and Journalism Studies Learn from the Facebook and Cambridge Analytica Data Breach», Digital Journalism, 7(4), 532–40.
Vincent, J. (2021), «Facebook Bans Academics Who Researched Ad Transparency and Misinformation on Facebook», The Verge, 4 agosto (https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/4/22609020/facebook-bans-academic-researchers-ad-transparency-misinformation-nyu-ad-observatory-plug-in).
Zimmer, M., Kinder-Kurlanda K., a c. di (2017), Internet Research Ethics for the Social Age, New York, Peter Lang.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Quaderni di comunità. Persone, Educazione e Welfare nella società 5.0
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
